@article{Bianchi2021b,

title = {Radiographic interpretation using high-resolution Cbct to diagnose degenerative temporomandibular joint disease},

author = {J Bianchi and J Roberto Goncalves and A Carlos De Oliveira Ruellas and J Vierira Pastana Bianchi and LM Ashman and et al },

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375354/},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0255937},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-10},

urldate = {2021-08-10},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {16},

number = {8},

pages = {e0255937},

abstract = {The objective of this study was to use high-resolution cone-beam computed images (hr- CBCT) to diagnose degenerative joint disease in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders DC/TMD imaging criteria. This observational study comprised of 92 subjects age-sex matched and divided into two groups: clinical degenerative joint disease (c-DJD, n = 46) and asymptomatic control group (n = 46). Clinical assessment of the DJD and high-resolution CBCT images (isotropic voxel size of 0.08mm) of the temporomandibular joints were performed for each participant. An American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology certified radiologist and a maxillofacial radiologist used the DC/TMD imaging criteria to evaluate the radiographic findings, followed by a consensus of the radiographic evaluation. The two radiologists presented a high agreement (Cohen's Kappa ranging from 0.80 to 0.87) for all radiographic findings (osteophyte, erosion, cysts, flattening, and sclerosis). Five patients from the c- DJD group did not present radiographic findings, being then classified as arthralgia. In the asymptomatic control group, 82.6% of the patients presented radiographic findings determinant of DJD and were then classified as osteoarthrosis or overdiagnosis. In conclusion, our results showed a high number of radiographic findings in the asymptomatic control group, and for this reason, we suggest that there is a need for additional imaging criteria to classify DJD properly in hr-CBCT images.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, anterior openbite, clear aligners, clinical orthodontist, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, fixed appliances, Growth, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Knigge2020,

title = {Geometric morphometric analysis of growth patterns among facial types. },

author = {R Knigge and K McNulty and H Oh and A Hardin and E Leary and D Duren and M Valathan and R Sherwood},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889540621003486?via%3Dihub},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.04.038},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-23},

urldate = {2021-06-23},

journal = {Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop},

volume = {160},

number = {3},

pages = {430-441},

abstract = {Extreme patterns of vertical facial divergence are of great importance to clinicians because of their association with dental malocclusion and functional problems of the orofacial complex. Understanding the growth patterns associated with vertical facial divergence is critical for clinicians to provide optimal treatment. This study evaluates and compares growth patterns from childhood to adulthood among 3 classifications of vertical facial divergence using longitudinal, lateral cephalograms from the Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study.},

keywords = {Adolescents, anterior openbite, Cranial base, craniofacial, extraction, Mandibular fixed retainer, retrospective, vertical control},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bianchi2021b,

title = {Quantitative bone imaging biomarkers to diagnose temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.},

author = {J Bianchi and J R Goncalves and A C de Oliveira Ruellas and L M Ashman and J-B Vimort and M Yatabe and B Paniagua and P Hernandez and E Benavides and F N Soki and M Loshida and L H S Cevidanes},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605824/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.018},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-00},

journal = {International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery},

volume = {50},

number = {2},

pages = {227-235},

abstract = {Bone degradation of the condylar surface is seen in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA); however, the initial changes occur in the subchondral bone. This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate 23 subchondral bone imaging biomarkers for TMJ OA. The sample consisted of high-resolution cone beam computed tomography scans of 84 subjects, divided into two groups: TMJ OA (45 patients with TMJ OA) and control (39 asymptomatic subjects). Six regions of each mandibular condyle scan were extracted for computation of five bone morphometric and 18 grey-level texture-based variables. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was determined for each variable that showed a statically significance difference. The results showed statistically significant differences in the subchondral bone microstructure in the lateral and central condylar regions between the control and TMJ OA groups (P< 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for these variables was between 0.620 and 0.710. In conclusion, 13 imaging bone biomarkers presented an acceptable diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of TMJ OA, indicating that the texture and geometry of the subchondral bone microarchitecture may be useful for quantitative grading of the disease.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, biomarkers, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, osteoarthritis, temporomandibular joint},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sherwood2020,

title = {Bayesian Approach to Longitudinal Craniofacial Growth: The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study.},

author = {R Sherwood and H Oh and M Valiathan and K McNulty and D Duren and R Knigge and A Hardin and C Holzhauser and K Middleton},

url = {https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24520},

doi = {10.1002/ar.24520},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-04},

urldate = {2020-10-04},

journal = {American Association of Orthodontists Foundation},

abstract = {Early in the 20th century, a series of studies were initiated across North America to investigate and characterize childhood growth. The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS) combines craniofacial records from six of those growth studies (15,407 lateral cephalograms from 1,913 individuals; 956 females, 957 males, primarily European descent). Standard cephalometric points collected from the six studies in the CGCS allows direct comparison of craniofacial growth patterns across six North American locations. Three assessors collected all cephalometric points and the coordinates were averaged for each point. Twelve measures were calculated from the averaged coordinates. We implemented a multilevel double logistic equation to estimate growth trajectories fitting each trait separately by sex. Using Bayesian inference, we fit three models for each trait with different random effects structures to compare differences in growth patterns among studies. The models successfully identified important growth milestones (e.g., age at peak growth velocity, age at cessation of growth) for most traits. In a small number of cases, these milestones could not be determined due to truncated age ranges for some studies and slow, steady growth in some measurements. Results demonstrate great similarity among the six growth studies regarding craniofacial growth milestone estimates and the overall shape of the growth curve. These similarities suggest minor variation among studies resulting from differences in protocol, sample, or possible geographic variation. The analyses presented support combining the studies into the CGCS without substantial concerns of bias. The CGCS, therefore, provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine craniofacial growth from childhood into adulthood.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, anterior openbite, Cranial base, Growth, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brosset2020,

title = {3D Auto-Segmentation of Mandibular Condyles},

author = {B Serge and D Maxime and J Bianchi and R Antonio and C Lucia and Y Marilia and G Joao and C Erika and S Fabiana and P Beatriz and P Juan and N Kayvan and G Jonathan and S Reza },

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018219/},

doi = {10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175692},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-00},

urldate = {2020-07-00},

journal = {2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)},

pages = {1270-1273},

abstract = {Temporomandibular joints (TMJ) like a hinge connect the jawbone to the skull. TMJ disorders could cause pain in the jaw joint and the muscles controlling jaw movement. However, the disease cannot be diagnosed until it becomes symptomatic. It has been shown that bone resorption at the condyle articular surface is already evident at initial diagnosis of TMJ Osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, analyzing the bone structure will facilitate the disease diagnosis. The important step towards this analysis is the condyle segmentation. This article deals with a method to automatically segment the temporomandibular joint condyle out of cone beam CT (CBCT) scans. In the proposed method we denoise images and apply 3D active contour and morphological operations to segment the condyle. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields the Dice score of 0.9461 with the standards deviation of 0.0888 when it is applied on CBCT images of 95 patients. This segmentation will allow large datasets to be analyzed more efficiently towards data sciences and machine learning approaches for disease classification.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, anterior openbite, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, Discrepency Index, extraction, hyperdivergent, mandibular asymmetry, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, orthodontic, Peer Assessment Rating Index, Posttreatment, teaching},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hardin2020,

title = {Clinical implications of age-related change of the mandibular plane angle. },

author = {A Hardin and M Valiathan and H Oh and R Knigge and K McNulty and E Leary and D Duren and R Sherwood},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31465622/},

doi = {10.1111/ocr.12342},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-23},

urldate = {2020-02-23},

journal = {Orthod Craniofac Res},

volume = {1},

pages = {50-58},

abstract = {To identify trajectories of ontogenetic change in the mandibular plane angle (MPA) and to describe the influence of sex and other factors on MPA during growth.},

keywords = {Adolescents, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, fixed appliances, Growth, hyperdivergent, malocclusion severity, Mandibular fixed retainer, vertical control},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Joy2020,

title = {Airway and cephalometric changes in adult orthodontic patients after premolar extractions.},

author = {A Joy and J Park and D Chambers and H Oh},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31403835/#:~:text=Airway%20and%20cephalometric%20changes%20in%20adult%20orthodontic%20patients,measures%20in%20the%20nasopharynx%2C%20retropalatal%2C%20or%20retroglossal%20regions.},

doi = {10.2319/021019-92.1},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-00},

urldate = {2020-01-00},

journal = {Angle Orthod},

volume = {90},

number = {1},

pages = {39-46},

abstract = {To examine changes in the airway and cephalometric measurements associated with orthodontic treatment of adults with and without premolar extractions. The study investigated whether extractions had a direct or indirect effect on the airway and examined selected skeletal and dental features.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, ariway, Cranial base, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, vertical control},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ryan2019,

title = {Cone-beam computed tomography airway measurements: Can we trust them?},

author = {P O R Daniel and Bianchi J and I Jaqueline and M W Larry and R G Joao },

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31256838/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.024},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-00},

urldate = {2019-07-00},

journal = {Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop},

volume = {156},

number = {1},

pages = {53-60},

abstract = {Pharyngeal airway space (PAS) assessment has been used in the past for a better understanding of orthodontic and surgical outcomes; however, this analysis could be unreliable. Our objective was to evaluate possible changes in the PAS reading in the same patient from their consecutive cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.},

keywords = {Adolescents, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, Discrepency Index, fixed appliances, Growth, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, retrospective},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Afrand2017,

title = {Growth changes in the anterior and middle cranial bases assessed with cone-beam computed tomography in adolescents},

author = {Mona Afrand and Heesoo Oh and Carlos Flores-Mirand and Manuel O. Lagravère-Vich},

url = {http://162.214.24.32/~crilorg/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Growth-changes-in-the-anterior-and-middel-cranial-base.pdf},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-01},

journal = {American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics},

volume = {151},

number = {2},

pages = {342-50},

abstract = {Introduction: Initially, cone-beam computed tomography images from dry skulls were used to 3 dimensionally evaluate intrarater and interrater reliabilities and accuracy of selected 3-dimensional landmarks located in the anterior and middle cranial bases. Thereafter, dimensional changes of the anterior and middle cranial bases with growth were evaluated by using the previously selected landmarks.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 10 dry skulls were used to identify useful landmarks from different areas of the anterior and middle cranial bases based on their reliability and accuracy. These selected landmarks were identified in the images of an already available sample of adolescents (n 560) taken at 2 time points (19 months apart) to assess dimensional changes with growth.

Results: The majority of the proposed 3-dimensional landmarks with the exception of the lesser wing of the sphenoid showed acceptable intrarater and interrater reliabilities. The distances measured between foramina and canals in the transverse dimension showed evidence of increases in size. However, the mean amounts of increase in these transverse distances were equal to or less than 1.05 mm (from 1.1% to 4.1%). No change was observed between the right and left anterior and posterior clinoid processes. The vertical dimensions showed evidence of some changes, but these were within 2% of the original distances.

Conclusions: In this adolescent sample, minor growth-related changes were observed in the anterior and middle cranial bases. The midsagittal area of the anterior cranial base (foramen caecum to presphenoid) was stable. The right and left anterior and posterior clinoid processes can be used for transverse superimposition. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:342-50)},

keywords = {Adolescents, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, Growth},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oh2009,

title = {Correlation between cephalometric and photographic measurements of facial attractiveness in  Chinese and U.S. patients at the end of orthodontic treatment.},

author = {HS Oh and EL Korn and XY Zhang and Y Liu and T-M Xu and R Boyd and S Baumrind},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19962590/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.020},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-12-00},

journal = {American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics},

volume = {136},

number = {6},

pages = {e1-14; discussion 762-3},

abstract = {Orthodontists rely on esthetic judgments from facial photographs. Concordance between estimates of facial attractiveness made from lateral cephalograms and those made from clinical photographs has not been determined. We conducted a preliminary examination to correlate clinicians' rankings of facial attractiveness from standardized end-of-treatment facial photographs (Photo Attractiveness Rank) with cephalometric measurements of facial attractiveness made for the same subjects at the same time.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, anterior openbite, clear aligners, clinical orthodontist, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, Discrepency Index, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, Peer Assessment Rating Index, Posttreatment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2009,

title = {Comparison of Chinese and U.S. Orthodontists' Averaged Evaluations of "Facial Attractiveness" from End-of-Treatment Facial Photographs. },

author = {Y Lui and EL Korn and HS Oh and H Pearson and T-M Xu and S Baumrind},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19409345/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.04.039},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-05-00},

journal = {American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics},

volume = {135},

number = {5},

pages = {621-34},

abstract = {This study continues our assessment of agreement and disagreement among 25 Chinese and 20 US orthodontists in the ranking for facial attractiveness of end-of-treatment photographs of randomly sampled growing Chinese and white orthodontic patients. The main aims of this article were to (1) measure the overall pattern of agreement between the mean rankings of US and Chinese orthodontists, and (2) measure the strength of agreement between the rankings of the US and Chinese orthodontists for each patient.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, Discrepency Index, Growth, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, technique, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Xu2008,

title = {"Facial Attractiveness": Ranking of End-of-Treatment Facial Photographs by Chinese and U.S. Orthodontists.},

author = {T-M Xu and EL Korn and Y Liu and HS Oh and KH Lee and S Baumrind},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18617106/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.08.023},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-07-00},

journal = {American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics},

volume = {134},

number = {1},

pages = {74-84},

abstract = {In this study, we assessed agreement and disagreement among pairs of Chinese and US orthodontists in the ranking for "facial attractiveness" of end-of-treatment photographs of growing Chinese and white orthodontic patients.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, anterior openbite, clinical orthodontist, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, open bite, retrospective},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}