@article{Bianchi2021,

title = {Decision support systems in temporomandibular Joint osteoarthritis: A review of data science and artificial intelligence applications.},

author = {J Bianchi and A Ruellas and J C Prieto and T Li and R Soroushmehr and K Najarian and J Gryak and R Deleat-Besson and C Le and M Yatabe and M Gurgel and N A Turkestani and B Paniagua and L Cevidanes},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34305383/},

doi = {10.1053/j.sodo.2021.05.004},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-19},

urldate = {2021-05-19},

journal = {Seminars in Orthodontics},

volume = {27},

number = {2},

pages = {78-86},

abstract = {With the exponential growth of computational systems and increased patient data acquisition, dental research faces new challenges to manage a large quantity of information. For this reason, data science approaches are needed for the integrative diagnosis of multifactorial diseases, such as Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Osteoarthritis (OA). The Data science spectrum includes data capture/acquisition, data processing with optimized web-based storage and management, data analytics involving in-depth statistical analysis, machine learning (ML) approaches, and data communication. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in this process. It consists of developing computational systems that can perform human intelligence tasks, such as disease diagnosis, using many features to help in the decision-making support. Patient's clinical parameters, imaging exams, and molecular data are used as the input in cross-validation tasks, and human annotation/diagnosis is also used as the gold standard to train computational learning models and automatic disease classifiers. This paper aims to review and describe AI and ML techniques to diagnose TMJ OA and data science approaches for imaging processing. We used a web-based system for multi-center data communication, algorithms integration, statistics deployment, and process the computational machine learning models. We successfully show AI and data-science applications using patients' data to improve the TMJ OA diagnosis decision-making towards personalized medicine.},

keywords = {AAOF, Cone-beam computed tomography, Discrepency Index, malocclusion severity, mandibular asymmetry, orthodontic, Peer Assessment Rating Index, technique, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Parizotto2021,

title = {Craniofacial and airway morphology of individuals with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum.},

author = {JOL Parizotto and AP Peixoto and KT Borsato and J Bianchi and et al},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33713375/},

doi = {10.1111/ocr.12483},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-13},

urldate = {2021-03-13},

journal = {Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research},

abstract = {The objectives of this study were to characterize the craniofacial and airway morphology of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) individuals using computed tomography (CT) examination.},

keywords = {AAOF, anterior openbite, clear aligners, clinical orthodontist, Mandibular fixed retainer, Posttreatment, research, technique, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Currie2020,

title = {CBCT assessment of posterior cranial base and surrounding structures in orthodontically treated adolescents. Int Orthod.},

author = {Currie K and Oh H and Flores-Mir C and Lagravere M},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32044297/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ortho.2020.01.004},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-18},

urldate = {2020-06-18},

journal = {Int Orthod},

volume = {2},

pages = {266-275},

abstract = { Understanding craniofacial growth and development is important for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment evaluation of orthodontic cases. Paramount to this is knowledge of the cranial base growth and development, since it is the foundation upon which the remaining facial structures develop. The purpose of this study was to analyse different anatomical structures in the posterior cranial base and determine its changes during the adolescent years (13-15 year of age) using CBCT.},

keywords = {AAOF, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bianchi2020b,

title = {Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint can be diagnosed earlier using biomarkers and machine learning.},

author = {Bianchi J and A C De Oliveira Ruellas and J R Goncalves and B Paniagua and J C Prieto and S Martin and Li Tengfei and Zhu Hongtu and S James and G William and B Erika and Soki Fabiana and Yatabe Marilia and Ashman Lawrence and W David and Soroushmehr Reza and N Kayvan and L H S Cevidanes },

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32415284/},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-64942-0},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-15},

urldate = {2020-05-15},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {8012},

abstract = {After chronic low back pain, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) disorders are the second most common musculoskeletal condition affecting 5 to 12% of the population, with an annual health cost estimated at $4 billion. Chronic disability in TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) increases with aging, and the main goal is to diagnosis before morphological degeneration occurs. Here, we address this challenge using advanced data science to capture, process and analyze 52 clinical, biological and high-resolution CBCT (radiomics) markers from TMJ OA patients and controls. We tested the diagnostic performance of four machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost. Headaches, Range of mouth opening without pain, Energy, Haralick Correlation, Entropy and interactions of TGF-β1 in Saliva and Headaches, VE-cadherin in Serum and Angiogenin in Saliva, VE-cadherin in Saliva and Headaches, PA1 in Saliva and Headaches, PA1 in Saliva and Range of mouth opening without pain; Gender and Muscle Soreness; Short Run Low Grey Level Emphasis and Headaches, Inverse Difference Moment and Trabecular Separation accurately diagnose early stages of this clinical condition. Our results show the XGBoost + LightGBM model with these features and interactions achieves the accuracy of 0.823, AUC 0.870, and F1-score 0.823 to diagnose the TMJ OA status. Thus, we expect to boost future studies into osteoarthritis patient-specific therapeutic interventions, and thereby improve the health of articular joints.},

keywords = {AAOF, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, Peer Assessment Rating Index, Posttreatment, technique, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garnett2019,

title = {Cephalometric comparison of adult anterior open bite treatment using clear aligners and fixed appliances.},

author = {B Garnett and K Mahod and M Nguyen and A Al-Khateeb and S Liu and R Boyd and H Oh},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8137127/},

doi = {10.2319/010418-4.1},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-00},

journal = {Angle Orthodontist},

volume = {89},

number = {1},

pages = {3-9},

abstract = {To compare fixed appliances and clear aligner therapy in correcting anterior open bite and in controlling the vertical dimension in adult patients with hyperdivergent skeletal patterns.},

keywords = {AAOF, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, Discrepency Index, extraction, fixed appliances, hyperdivergent, mandibular asymmetry, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, mapping, open bite, Peer Assessment Rating Index, Posttreatment, research, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Currie2017b,

title = {Posterior cranial base natural growth and development: A systematic review. },

author = {K Currie and D Sawchuk and H Saltaji and H Oh and C Flores-Mir and M Lagravere-Vich},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28737426/},

doi = {10.2319/032717-218.1},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-00},

journal = {Angle Orthodontist},

volume = {87},

number = {6},

pages = {897-910},

abstract = {To provide a synthesis of the published studies evaluating the natural growth and development of the human posterior cranial base (S-Ba).},

keywords = {AAOF, adult, Cranial base, extraction, fixed appliances, Growth, mandibular asymmetry, Mandibular fixed retainer, Posttreatment, pressure tension, research, retrospective, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2017b,

title = {Validity and reliability of the ABO Discrepancy Index and PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating) for evaluating malocclusion severity among Chinese orthodontists.},

author = {S Lui and H Oh and D Chambers and X Weng and Q Chen and S Baumrind and T Xu},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28670875/},

doi = {10.1111/ocr.12195},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-00},

journal = {Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research},

volume = {20},

number = {3},

pages = {140-145},

abstract = {To assess the validity of the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index (ABO-DI) and Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index in evaluating malocclusion severity in Chinese orthodontic patients.},

keywords = {AAOF, extraction, fixed appliances, hyperdivergent, malocclusion severity, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, Posttreatment, retrospective, technique, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oh2017,

title = {A retrospective study of Class II mixed-dentition treatment. },

author = {H Oh and S Baumrind and S Dugoni and R Boero and M Aubert and R Boyd},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27391205/},

doi = {10.2319/012616-72.1},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-00},

journal = {Angle Orthodontist},

volume = {87},

number = {1},

pages = {56-67},

abstract = {To consider the effectiveness of early treatment using one mixed-dentition approach to the correction of moderate and severe Class II malocclusions.},

keywords = {AAOF, clinical orthodontist, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, Discrepency Index, Growth, hyperdivergent, malocclusion severity, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, mapping, technique, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2009,

title = {Comparison of Chinese and U.S. Orthodontists' Averaged Evaluations of "Facial Attractiveness" from End-of-Treatment Facial Photographs. },

author = {Y Lui and EL Korn and HS Oh and H Pearson and T-M Xu and S Baumrind},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19409345/},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.04.039},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-05-00},

journal = {American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics},

volume = {135},

number = {5},

pages = {621-34},

abstract = {This study continues our assessment of agreement and disagreement among 25 Chinese and 20 US orthodontists in the ranking for facial attractiveness of end-of-treatment photographs of randomly sampled growing Chinese and white orthodontic patients. The main aims of this article were to (1) measure the overall pattern of agreement between the mean rankings of US and Chinese orthodontists, and (2) measure the strength of agreement between the rankings of the US and Chinese orthodontists for each patient.},

keywords = {AAOF, Adolescents, Cone-beam computed tomography, Cranial base, craniofacial, Discrepency Index, Growth, hyperdivergent, Mandibular fixed retainer, Mandibular remodeling, technique, vertical control, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Curry1987,

title = {A technique for anatomic feature extraction and tracking on sequential digital X-ray images},

author = {Sean Curry and Sheldon Baumrind and J.M. Anderson},

url = {http://162.214.24.32/~crilorg/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/A-Technique-for-Anatomic-Feature-Extraction-and-Tracking-on-Sequential-Digital-X-Ray-Images.pdf},

year  = {1987},

date = {1987-08-03},

journal = {Photogrammetria},

volume = {42},

pages = {126-135},

abstract = {The Craniofacial Research Instrumentation Laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco, has been developing systems for the acquisition and display of biostereometric data.

Stereo photographs and X-ray images of the head are used to analyze growth and treatment effects during orthodontic treatment and orthognathic sucgery. Recent efforts have been directed towards automating anatomic feature location and tracking on series of time-separated cranial X-rays. Two tests were performed to evaluate the potential accuracies that could be achieved in feature tracking. In both tests, a series of cranial X-rays was converted to digital images using an array camera [Charge Injection Device (CID)] connected to a real-time video digitizer module or "frame grabber" installed in a microcomputer. The first test series consisted of a single X-ray image which was translated and rotated three times. The second series of images consisted of three actual cranial X-rays of a single subject, acquired over a period of approximately two years. A number of anatomic features were manually selected on the first image of each series. The

features were automatically tracked on subsequent digital images, and their locations compared to those derived from manual digitizing of the original film images.},

keywords = {extraction, technique, tracking, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Baumrind1971,

title = {A system for craniofacial mapping through the integration of data from stereo x-ray films and stereo photographs},

author = {Sheldon Baumrind},

url = {http://162.214.24.32/~crilorg/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/A-system-for-craniofacial-mapping-through-the-integration-of-data-from-stereo-x-ray-films-and-stereo-photographs.pdf},

year  = {1971},

date = {1971-01-01},

abstract = {Sheldon Baumrind is Associate Professor of Orthodontics at the Uni versity of California, San

Francisco, where he is in charge of research activities in the Division of Orthodontics. He

received his BS and DDS degrees from New York University and his MS degree from the

University of Oregon. His primary interest is in the development and application of new

instrumentation for craniofacial measurement and in the quantitative evaluation of the effects of

orthodontic treatment. Since 1968 he has been involved in studies on the reliability of

measurement on skull X-ray films, on the development of computer-aided methods for analysing

craniofacial data and, (in association with F. H. Moffitt, Professor of Engineering, Unive rsity of

California, Berkeley), on the development of quantitative stereo-radiographic and

stereo-photographic techniques for use in craniofacial research. These studies are supported by

Grants #DE03598 and #DE03703 from the National Institute for Dental Research, N.I.H.},

keywords = {craniofacial, mapping, photographs, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oh2019b,

title = {Comparison of traditional RPE with two types of micro-implant assisted RPE: CBCT study.},

author = {H Oh and Park J and M Lagravere-Vich },

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1073874619300076},

doi = {10.1053/j.sodo.2019.02.007},

journal = {Semin Orthod},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

pages = {60-68},

abstract = {Recently, various types of the Micro-implant Assisted RPE (MARPE) were introduced to obtain greater skeletal expansion and to minimize dental effects. In the present study, we evaluated skeletal and dental effects immediately after the completion of expansion using three different types of expanders— a traditional tooth-anchored maxillary expander (TAME) and two different types of MARPE, bone-anchored maxillary expander (BAME) and tooth-bone-anchored expander (MSE) using CBCT in adolescents. Overall, the MSE group showed much greater skeletal changes than the TAME and BAME groups, especially, at the nasal floor, maxillary base, and palatal suture. About 72–78% of suture opening was at PNS, which indicates slightly more opening anteriorly than posteriorly; however, it was relatively parallel in nature than anticipated. In all three groups, the greatest transverse changes with expansion occurred at the molar crowns and the 2nd greatest changes at the palatal suture opening at ANS. It is suggested that MSE can be a great alternative method in correcting maxillary skeletal transverse deficiency.},

keywords = {AAOF, adult, anterior openbite, Cranial base, extraction, Growth, Posttreatment, pressure tension, retrospective, technique, x-ray},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}