@article{nokey,

title = {Automated artificial intelligence driven 3-dimensional craniofacial superimposition for clinically useful treatment outcomes in growing patients: A multicenter study},

author = {Yanjie Huang and Luc Anchling and William Ray Bates and Maxime Gillot and Juan Carlos Prieto and Tung Nguyen and Selene Barone and Felicia Miranda and Marcela Gurgel and Marilia Yatabe and Karine Evangelista and Brent E. Larson and Jonas Bianchi and Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas and Lucia Cevidanes},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.12.013},

issn = {0889-5406},

year  = {2026},

date = {2026-06-14},

journal = {American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics},

volume = {169},

issue = {6},

pages = {753-765},

abstract = {Introduction: In growing patients, reliable quantification of change requires explicitly stating the reference used for superimposition and interpreting all values as relative changes; however, manual workflows are time-consuming and variable. This study assessed measurement reliability and workflow efficiency for reference-explicit analyses, comparing a fully automated, open-source segmentation and registration workflow against a semiautomatic voxel-based approach for clinically useful 3-dimensional assessments. Methods: Twenty-two Class II patients with cone-beam computed tomographies at pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) were analyzed. Automated segmentation and voxel-based superimposition were performed with built-in quantitative analysis. Primary outcomes were skeletal and dental changes relative to cranial base and regional maxilla and mandibular superimposition. Three registration approaches incorporating varying levels of artificial intelligence (AI) involvement—conventional, semiautomated, and fully automated—were compared. Performances were assessed by mixed-effects linear regression models. Results: Agreement for skeletal and dental measurements was high, with minor differences observed between AI-driven and conventional registration approaches, and all methods showed clinically comparable precision. Most absolute average differences between automated and conventional workflows are under 1.5 mm for linear and 1.5 ◦ for angular measurements. Cranial base superimposition differences showed an average difference in T2-T1 changes ranging from –0.3 to 0.7 mm, whereas regional superimposition differences showed an average difference in T2-T1 changes ranging from –1.7 to 1.1 mm. Conclusions: Automated clinician-verified workflow yields reliable and faster 3-dimensional change measures in growing patients. Interpretation must consider the reference region used for superimposition. AI-driven open-source tools provide a practical quantitative analysis to support diagnosis, timing, and assessment of treatment outcomes.},

keywords = {3d, artificial intelligence, craniofacial superimposition, growing patients, multicenter study},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Airway changes in growing patients after Herbst mandibular advancement devices: a randomized controlled trial (RCT)},

author = {Luísa Schubach da Costa Barreto and Bruno Moreira das Neves and Heeyeon Suh and Heesoo Oh and Klaus Barretto dos Santos Lopes Batista and Jose Augusto Mendes Miguel},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.502},

issn = {2212-4438},

year  = {2026},

date = {2026-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists},

volume = {14},

issue = {6},

pages = {558-559},

abstract = {Three-dimensional evaluations of the upper airway with mandibular advancement (MAD) during the growth period have been limited. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the skeletal, dental, and upper airway (UA) changes induced by MADs in growing patients with Class II malocclusion, with a particular focus on the Herbst appliance with skeletal (HSA) and dental anchorage (HAD). Forty growing patients were treated with Herbst appliances for 12 months. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired at two time points: pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). Three-dimensional analyses were conducted using InVivo7 software to evaluate craniofacial structures, dental relationships, and oropharyngeal space (OP). Key parameters, including ANB, Wits appraisal, overjet, overbite, and UA dimensions, were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using R and SPSS, employing intention-to-treat (ITT) methodologies to address missing data. HSA showed the most significant skeletal improvements, with mean reductions of -3.54 mm in Wits appraisal and -1.97° in ANB angle. Dental changes, including reduced overjet, demonstrated the efficacy of MADs in addressing functional and aesthetic concerns. Although UA dimensions showed increased volume and minimum axial area, these changes were not statistically significant. The Herbst appliance demonstrated enhanced mandibular protrusion with minimal dental compensations. MADs effectively corrected skeletal and dental discrepancies in Class II malocclusion, with the HSA group achieving the most pronounced skeletal improvements. While UA volume changes were observed, they lacked statistical significance, underscoring the need for further research into the impact of MADs on airway morphology. These findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment planning to address skeletal, dental, and respiratory needs in growing patients.},

keywords = {Airway Changes, dental anchorage, growing patients, Herbst, RCT},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Clear aligners for Class II correction in growing patients: elastics vs mandibular advancement},

author = {Esha Patel and Stacey H. Moon and Heeyeon Suh and James Chen and Sandra Khong Tai and Heesoo Oh},

url = {https://angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com/view/journals/angl/aop/article-10.2319-032825-251.1/article-10.2319-032825-251.1.xml?isSearch=true&body=FullText},

doi = {10.2319/032825-251.1},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-25},

urldate = {2025-09-25},

journal = {Angle Orthodontist},

volume = {95},

abstract = {Objectives: To evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of Class II correction in growing patients using clear aligners, with either elastics or mandibular advancement (MA). Materials and Methods: The study included 66 growing Class II patients: 45 patients treated with clear aligners (20 using Class II elastics and 25 with MA) and 21 untreated controls observed over a comparable time period. Nine cephalometric and three study cast measurements were evaluated initially (T1) and the end of treatment (T2) to assess skeletal and dental changes. Results: The control group maintained a Class II molar relationship and overjet, whereas both treatment groups corrected to Class I. In the MA group, statistically significant skeletal changes from T1 to T2 were observed, including reduction in SNA (–1.09°) and ANB (–1.69°), in addition to dentialveolar Class II correction. The elastic group showed no statistically significant changes in SNA and ANB compared to the control group. Linear regression revealed 5.28° of lower incisor proclination with Class II elastics, whereas lower incisor inclination was maintained with MA treatment. Conclusions: Clear aligner treatment with Class II elastics and MA were effective for correcting Class II malocclusion in growing patients that would have otherwise been maintained without intervention. Although Class II correction was mainly due to dentoalveolar changes, a skeletal component was observed with MA treatment.},

keywords = {Class II, clear aligners, elastics, growing patients, Maxillomandibular advancement},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bianchi2023b,

title = {Clear aligner mandibular advancement in growing patients with Class II malocclusion.},

author = {Gurgel ML and de Oliveria Ruellas A.C and Bianchi J and McNamara JA and Tai S and Franchi L and et al.},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37636594/},

doi = {10.1016/j.xaor.2023.01.003},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-03},

journal = {AJO DO Clin Companion},

volume = {3},

issue = {2},

pages = {93-109},

abstract = {Treatment effects occurring during Class II malocclusion treatment with the clear aligner mandibular advancement protocol were evaluated in two growing patients: one male (12 years, 3 months) and one female (11 years, 9 months). Both patients presented with full cusp Class II molar and canine relationships. Intraoral scans and cone-beam computed tomography were acquired before treatment and after mandibular advancement. Three-dimensional skeletal and dental long-axis changes were quantified, in which the dental long axis was determined by registering the dental crowns obtained from intraoral scans to the root canals in cone-beam computed tomography scans obtained at the same time points. Class II correction was achieved by a combination of mandibular skeletal and dental changes. A similar direction of skeletal and dental changes was observed in both patients, with downward and forward displacement of the mandible resulting from the growth of the mandibular condyle and ramus. Dental changes in both patients included mesialization of the mandibular posterior teeth with flaring of mandibular anterior teeth. In these two patients, clear aligner mandibular advancement was an effective treatment modality for Class II malocclusion correction with skeletal and dental effects and facial profile improvement.},

keywords = {Class II malocclusion, clear aligners, growing patients, three-dimensional},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}